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中文量詞的語意與古今用法之對比
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Chapter Ⅰ.The Semantic Categories of Classifiers
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1.Classifiers indicating the salient physical feature or shape of objects
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（A）indicating objects are round or elliptical
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（B）indicating objects are square，rectangular or a definite shape
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（C）indicating objects that have a salient length dimension much larger than the other two dimensions，mostly flexible，though not always.條tiao
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（D）indicating objects that have a salient length dimension and also a round dimension：根gen
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（E）indicating objects which are either flat，thick，or concrete and mostly hard，though not always，but in certain circumstances have a shape hard to pinpoint or define：塊kuai
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（F）indicating objects that have a broad，and flat surface，and sometimes the objects are in a continuous stretch of something，which can be either physically or emotionall y：（a）面mian
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（G）indicating objects are seated straight and upright：（a）挺ting（b）艇ting〔＝挺ting〕
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（H）indicating objects of which the shape is denoted by the classifiers in question：（a）so circular and round as to be like a wheel or a ring in shape：（i）輪lun（ii）環huan
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（I）indicating objects are big：（a）幢chuang（b）籌chuo（c）座zuo
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（J）indicating objects are mushy roundish and integral：團tuan
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（K）indicating objects are like the products indicated by the classifier（a）炷zhu
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（L）indicating objects are in pairs or require a pair of people or objects to perform certain function：（a）聯lian（b）連lian（c）緉liang（d）□liang（e）輛liang（f）量liang
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（M）indicating objects are in two pairs：（a）乘sheng（b）駟si
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（N）indicating objects or entities are slim but long：（a）線xian（b）縷lyu（c）絢xuan
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（O）indicating objects are strung together
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（P）indicating objects are thin，soft：'屈qu' or '伯（薄）屈bo qu'
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（Q）indicating objects are full in the container：盛sheng
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（R）indicating objects are full and thus overflows：溢yi
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（S）indicating objects are shaped like snail shell：螺luo
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（T）indicating objects are like strokes of calligraphy：撇pei
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（U）indicating something is like a shadow of another：影ying
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（V）indicating objects whose components are put together to form a row：排pai
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（W）indicating objects are like fists：拳quan
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（X）indicating the approximate length of the associated nouns
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（Y）indicating objects are like a body of clear water：（a）汪wang（b）汪水wang-shui
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（Z）indicating the associated head nouns are like the winding roads which are terraced like stairs：盤pan
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（AA）indicating that the associated head nouns is roughly the size pinched by two fingers：捏nie
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（BB）indicating the associated nouns are like the lotus leaves：蓮lian
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（CC）indicating the associated nouns are like a tripod：鼎ding
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（DD）indicating the associated nouns are like a brook：溪xi
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（EE）indicating the associated head nouns are like a cage which covers one's body：籠lung
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（FF）indicating the associated nouns are like a bear：熊彪xung-biao
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（GG）indicating the associated nouns are like willow branches：柳liu
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（HH）indicating the associated nouns are so long and continuously coming like a stream of water：川chuan
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（II）indicating the associated nouns are like an ear of wheat：穗sui
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（JJ）indicating the associated nouns are like a shell：螺luo
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2.Classifierss indicating the most natural function，action，utility or the state of the associated head nouns
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（A）for associated nouns that are for riding，or people who ride horses：（a）騎chi
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（B）for objects that are for sitting or riding：乘sheng
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（C）for objects that are for wearing and covering
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（D）for objects that are to be venerated
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（E）for objects that are for communicating or giving commands
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（F）for objects that require to be enveloped or sealed before carrying or relaying the information to the addressee：（a）封feng（b）緘jian
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（G）for objects that have a handle for holding in manipulation：（a）把ba
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（H）for objects that can be either expanded and wielded or folded or have a flat surface for utility：（a）張zhang
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（I）for objects that are for eating：'服fu'
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（J）for objects that are for projecting or firing：'發fa'
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（K）for objects that are to be opened and shut or folded ：（a）扇shan（b）牒dei（c）合he
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（L）for objects that are for obstructing transgression or preventing from intruding or harming：堵du
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（M）for objects that are for segregation or separation：間jian
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（N）for objects that are to be rolled up：卷juan
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（O）for objects that are to be written down or to be canceled：筆bi
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（P）for objects that are to be worn on the hat or need something to support in their normal function：'頂ding'
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（Q）for objects that are for spraying or letting out ：泡pao/胞bao
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（R）for objects that are actually or metaphorically poured down in large quantity：注zhu
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（S）for objects that taste differently and thus have different effect in curing disease：味wei
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（T）indicating objects have to be installed and seated at certain place：坐zuo
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（U）for objects that protect the parts of the body where the classifiers indicate：顔yan
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（V）for objects that should be connected with the parts of body which the classifier indicates：'腰yao'
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（W）for objects that produce the sound indicated by the classifiers，and the preceding numerals indicate the times of the action.Most of the classifiers are onomatopoeia and they are either nominal classifiers or verbal classifiers in different context：（a）通tong（b）鼕dong：
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（Y）for objects that are supposed to be turned over in order to be prepared or used：番fan
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（Z）for objects of which the purpose is to make hole in the ground for seeding：孔kong
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（AA）for objects that are to be fastened to a post when they are not used：綱gang
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（BB）for objects that are always shut and only opened when circumstances require：關guan
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（CC）for objects that require cutting and sewing before being used：裁cai
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（DD）for objects that may be worn out in use：破po
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（EE）for objects that have a stalk：柄bing
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（FF）for sticks of things which are for burning：炷zhu
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（GG）for objects or cargoes that are usually carried and transported by domestic animals：馱tou
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（HH）for objects which can be used to surround waist：圍wei
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（II）for objects that should be thrown out or away as waste or rubbish：（a）抛pao（b）潑po
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（JJ）indicating objects are worth treasuring：藏zang
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（KK）indicating someone needs punishment by means of whipping：鞭bian
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（LL）indicating objects can be hung up or usually suspended up in their normal function：（a）懸xuan
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（MM）indicating objects are intertwined together and hard to separate them：纏chan
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（MM）indicating objects have to be connected together so that they can function properly 屬shu
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（NN）indicating that the state of certain behavior has to be awoken eventually：覺jiao
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（PP）indicating objects which usually produce quite a loud sound：聲sheng
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（QQ）indicating something or event unusual has arisen or happened：起qi
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（RR）indicating something are to be sold to the guests as food：客ke
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（SS）indicating that objects require people to carry：（a）抬tai（b）擡tai（c）擡盒tai-he（d）扛kang
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（TT）indicating that something are so thin that they requires paper or rope to bind them together：（a）夾jia
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（UU）indicating that the associated head nouns have to be rolled up and bound in normal conditions：（a）捆kun（b）捲juan
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（VV）indicating that the associated head nouns are like a layer of something added：抹mo
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（WW）indicating that the associated nouns are so slender that can be held by one hand：（a）：把ba（b）捻nian
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（XX）indicating that the associated head nouns are twisted together：絞jiao
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（YY）indicating that the associated head nouns are to be rolled up：挽wan
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（ZZ）indicating that the associated nouns are to be hung up like a piece of satin：障zhang
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（AAA）indicating that the associated nouns are aimed to be thrown and hit the target標biao
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（BBB）indicating the associated nouns are to be worn like a piece of cloth on body to protect oneself：匹pi
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（CCC）indicating the associated nouns are sticky and soft：拌ban
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（DDD）indicating the associated nouns surrounds something，mostly houses：圈quan
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（EEE）indicating the associated nouns need the classifier in question to prevent them from harming people：（a）簑suo（b）蓑suo
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（FFF）indicating the associated objects require another counterparts to perform something together：合he
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3.Classifiers indicating the means by which the associated head nouns need in performing their normal function or utility
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In this section the parts of the objects often represent the whole，just as throne symbolizes the power of the king
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（A）period oftime：（a）期qi（b）任ren
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（B）columns
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（C）shelves or frameworks：架jia
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（D）handle：柄bing
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（E）collar：領ling
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（F）pipes or tubes either made of bamboo or iron：管guan
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（G）road路lu
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（H）hole，opening and entrance：（a）眼yan（b）門men（c）口kou（d）竅qiao
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（I）titles 首shou
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（J）way 道dao
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（K）curtain：幕mu
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（L）board or plate：（a）盤pan（b）枰ping
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（M）table：（a）桌zhuo（b）席xi
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（N）stick or bamboo：（a）桿gan（b）杆gan（c）竿gan
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（O）wooden rolling stick 軸zhou
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（P）bed：（a）床chuang（b）塌
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（Q）material
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（R）parts of body
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（S）wheels
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（T）shell：殼ke
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（U）rafters：椽chuan
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（V）abdomen：肚du/肚子duzi/肚皮dupi
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（W）buttocks or buttocks and two ribs：（a）屁股pi-gu（b）一屁股兩脅肋
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（X）houses or rooms：房fang
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（Y）bags：帙zhi
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（Z）cases or containers：（a）函han（b）奩lian
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（AA）steering tools：柁tou
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（BB）birds：焦jiao
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（CC）the stalk of fruits：蒂di[=蒂di
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（DD）stem：（a）舳zhu（b）軸zhou
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（EE）beams or columns：楹ying
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（FF）seeds：子zi
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（GG）sleeves：襟jin
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（HH）pillows：枕zhen
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（II）paper：紙zhi
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（JJ）buttons：釦kou
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（KK）the wood beside the vehicle to support the wheel：輔fu
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（LL）altars：壇tan
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（MM）caves：洞dong
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（NN）ribbons：鞶pan
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（OO）wooden bars or frames：桁hang
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（PP）bamboo sticks：篙gao
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（QQ）firecrackers：炮pao
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（RR）echelons：陣zhen
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（SS）the burning parts of the lamp：炷zhu
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（TT）wooden sticks：棍gun
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（UU）ways of living：路lu
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（VV）reins：轡pei
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（WW）eaves：檐yan
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4.Classifiers indicating the necessity of certain location which the associated head nouns occupy or need in their existence or in their function
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（A）place：（a）處chu（b）所suo
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（B）halls：堂tang
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（C）site or bases：座zuo
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（D）palaces：殿dian
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（E）mountam grouping sites or Vi11ages：砦zhai
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（F）place for storage：帑tang
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（O）containers：箔bo
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（H）arms：臂bi
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（I）platforms：台tai
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（J）mouth：嘴zui
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（K）wares：器qi
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（L）objects：物wu
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5.Classifiers indicating the salient features of the body or the component parts of the associated head nouns，which may serve as a means of identification or recognition
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（A）head：（a）頭tou
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（B）tail尾wei
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（C）hoofs蹄ti
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（D）hides or furs皮pi
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（E）fingers：（a）手指shou-zhi（b）指zhi
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（F）horns角jiao
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（G）hoofs and horns蹄角ti-jiao
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（H）hoofs and mouth蹄躈ti-qiao
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（I）slaughtered and eviscerated bodies：腔qiang and羫qiang
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（J）feet：足zu
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（K）mouth：（a）噭qiao（b）口kou
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（L）the shafts of feathers：猴hou
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（M）root：（a）本ben
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（b）根gen
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（N）flags：幡fan
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6.Classifiers indicating the genus or kind of thing to which the associated head nouns belong
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（A）belonging to plants
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（B）belonging to machines，instruments，equipment and weapons：（a）具ju（b）台tai（c）架jia
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（C）belonging to lamps：盞zhan
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（D）belonging to flags：（a）蠹du（b）幡fan（c）首shou
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（E）belonging to medicine
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（F）belonging to books：（a）本ben（b）冊ce（c）部bu
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（G）belonging to literary works：（a）首shou（b）篇pian（c）卷juan（d）章zhang（e）絕jue
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（H）belonging to songs or lyrics
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（I）belonging to some styles：派pai
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（J）belonging to seals：鈕niu
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（K）belonging to human beings whose status is indicated by the associated head noun
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（L）belonging to schools of knowledge or theories
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（M）belonging to vocations：（a）行hang（b）門men
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（N）belonging to dramas and plays：齣chu
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（O）belonging to something flowing such as air，scent or currents：股gu
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（P）buildings and stores
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（Q）belonging to transportation means
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（R）belonging to domestic animals：（a）頭匹toupi（b）匹pi
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（S）belonging to events and matters：（a）椿zhuang（b）項xiang（c）端duan
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（T）belonging to jades：（a）瑴jue（b）璞pu
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（U）belonging to meat：（a）臠luan（b）朐qu（c）脟lie（d）脡ting〔=挺ting〕
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（V）belonging to herds of rampant animals and flocks of birds：陣zhen
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（W）belonging to the product s or creatures of the water，either lakes or seas：朋peng
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（X）belonging to the ritual wares used in the palaces：簴ju
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（Y）belonging to letters：扎zha
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7.Classifiers indicating the identity，characteristic or the social status which the associated head nouns are
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（A）officials：員yuan
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（B）officials and soldiers
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（C）candidates to be assigned officials：榜bang
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（D）venerable persons or deities or objects which are bulky or awesome：尊zun
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（E）people related with religion，either Buddhist monks，nuns，Taoist priests，pilgrims or audience in the temple to listen to scripture speech：眾zhung
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（F）aborigines，bandits or ethnic people who live in the caves as their ordinary residences：（a）洞dong（b）峒tong
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（G）tribesman or nomadic people who lives in the camps，or gathering tribe section（a）camps：帳zhang
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（H）emperors who are identified by his ruling dynasty or by the leadership which he owns
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（I）Buddhist rituals which need the gathering of monks to perform：會hui
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（J）various kinds of domestic animals：頭匹tou-pi
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（K）indicating that the associated head noun is a gathering of people in the frontier：囤tun
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（L）indicating that the associated nouns are domestic animal which are red in colour：對著騂xing
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8.Classifiers indicating that associated head nouns consist of more than one constituent part，and that the objects categorized or measured are perceived as an inherently integral whole or inalienable either in their existence or in their functions
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（A）副fu（B）部bu（C）套tao（D）付fu（E）具ju（F）攢zan
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（G）瓣ban
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9.（A）Classifiers indicating the individuality of the associated nouns，and usually can be very specific as to be a general or quasi-general classifier to categorize certain field of objects.：most of them are conventionalized and fossilized individuality of objects or associated nouns
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（a）箇ge/個ge/个ge（b）介jie
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（c）輩bei
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（d）枚mei（e）頭tou
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（f）隻zhi（g）匹pi
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（h）事shi（i）段duan
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（j）分fen〔=份fen〕
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9.（B）.Classifiers indicating the individuality of events or matters
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（A）件jian（B）椿zhuang（C）項xiang（D）款kuan（E）回hui/回子huizi
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（F）則ze
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10.Classifiers indicating the individuality of genus，species，rank，rate and level of the associated nouns and their “being one member of the same kind or same level.”
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（A）種zhung（B）類lei（C）種類zhunglei（D）族zu（E）樣yang（F）宗zung（G）班ban（H）等deng（I）級ji（J）品pin（K）流liu（L）派pai（M）款kuan（N）式shi（O）款式kuanshi（P）樣式yangshi（Q）色se
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11.Classifiers indicating the manner which an event or action happens or the time an event lasts
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（A）Indicating that the action takes quite a certa in length of time and often makes a scene and often result in certain effect either in emotion，physical harm，strokes of disease，efforts leading to success，and weather variations
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（B）indicating that certain action needs making sound or speaking to achieve the goal such speaking，sighing，crying，laughing，screaming，playing flute and the bombardment of the cannons：聲sheng
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（C）indicating that action needs body part to perform its action，the numeral often indicate the times of actions
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（D）indicating that the instrumentality by which the action is performed
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（E）indicating the location whereby an associated action is performed：堂tang
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12.Classifiers indicating the times of action
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（A）：通tong（B）重chung（C）合he/回合hui-he（D）匝za/币za（E）遍〔=徧〕 bian（F）過guo（G）番fan（H）下xia
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（I）壯zhuang（J）次ci（K）巡xun（L）周zhou（M）返fan（N）反fan（O）就jiu （P）起qi（Q）週zhou（R）趟tang（S）出chu
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（T）度du（U）迴〔=回hui〕（V）般ban（W）遭zao（X）道dao（Y）疊dei（Z）圈quan
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（AA）呷jia（BB）撞zhuang（CC）槌chui（DD）轉zuan（EE）按an（FF）翻fan（GG）聲sheng（HH）敲qiao
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（II）棒bang（JJ）發fa
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Chapter11.The Comparison between Contemporary Classifiers and the Previous Classifiers
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1.People
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2.Gods，Deities，Ghosts，Spirits and Souls （Including Statues）
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3.Scholars and students
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4.Officials and Emperors
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5.Cattle
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6.Sheep
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7.Dogs
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8.Pigs
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9.Dragons
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10.Wild ＆ Precious Animals
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11.Birds
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12.Domestic Animals
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13.Domestic Fowls
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14.Snakes
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15.Worms
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16.Insects
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17.Horses
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18.Chi1dren
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19.Trees
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20.Logs and Wood
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21.Fish and Aquatic Animals
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22.Plants（Vegetables）
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23.Flower Trees ＆ Flowers
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24.Bamboo
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25.Herbs
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26.Grasses
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27.Hairs，Beards ＆ Mustaches
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28.Swords and Knives
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29.Paper
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30.Stationery
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31.Pens
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32.Umbrellas
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33.Flags
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34.Drums
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35.Ships and Boats
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36.Means of Transportation（vehicles and other alternatives）
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37.Hats
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38.Belts
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39.The Sun
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40.The Moon
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41.Fruits
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42.Spoon
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43.Zithers
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44.Pictures，Paintings，and Portraits
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45.Letters
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46.Books
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47.Cloth and Material for making clothes such as furs
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48.Clothes
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49.Buildings，Shelters，Homes，Houses，Rooms，Stores
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50.Walls
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51.Laws，Events ＆Matters
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52.Feelings，Emotion and Mood
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53.Rivers，Currents，Waterfalls，lakes，ponds，oceans and a body ofwater
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54.Mountains and Hills
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55.Bridges
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56.Music and Songs
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57.Music Bands，Orchestras and Instruments
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58.Currency ＆ Money（including gold ＆ silver），Debt and Accounts
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59.Wells，waterfalls，Springs and Fountains
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60.Medicine and Prescription
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61.0bjects，gifts and Wares
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62.Spears，and other kinds ofweapons
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63.Armour
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64.Tears
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65.Shoes
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66.Dramas or Operas
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67.Food（Banquets，Meat，Vegetables，Dishes of Food，etc.）
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68.Drinks
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69.Furniture：Doors，Tables，Chairs，Beds，Lamps，etc
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70.Land and Country
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71.Army，Soldiers and Troops
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72.Documents and Contracts
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73.Skills
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74.Roads
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75.Orders
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76.Priests
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77.Learning，Ambition，Philosophy and Religion
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78.Jewelry （including jades，pearls，crystals，etc.）
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79.Landscapes and Scenery
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80.Light including Sunlight and Moonlight
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81.Words，Speeches and Languages
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82.Literary Work and Calligraphy
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83.Dishes
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84.Stars and Constellations
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85.Relatives
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86.Machine ＆ Tools（including plowing tools and watches）
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87.Quilts and Blankets
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88.Streams of Air，Smoke，Odor and Scents
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89.Clouds
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90.Sound
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91.Parts of Body
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92.Weather （including windM，rains，storm，and thunders）
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93.Heavy-duty Weapons
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94.Cakes
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95.Dream
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96.Vocation
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97.Fire
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98.Excrement
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99.Stones
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100.Brick and Construction Material
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101.Chess Games，Gambling and Other Entertainment
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102.Manner，Attitude and Appearance
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103.Rainbows
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104.Hearts and Mind
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105.Trade and Transaction
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106.Goods，Merchandise and Cargoes
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107.Mirrors
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108.Firecrackers
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109.Seals
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References
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- 出版地 ： 臺灣
- 語言 ： 繁體中文
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