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The Psychosomatic Assessment
Patient reported outcomes have become more and more important in clinical practice and research. Evaluating subjective perceptions of patients has become mandatory for a full assessment of treatment responses. In this context, clinimetrics, the science of clinical measurements, provides unprecedented opportunities for psychosomatic assessment. This volume illustrates how this approach can be translated into everyday practice complementing and improving the medical interview. The most sensitive and reliable clinical methods are presented for evaluating specific psychosocial aspects of disease, i.e. childhood adversities, life events and chronic stress, lifestyle, sexual function, subclinical and affective disturbances, personality, illness behavior, well-being and family dynamics. Each chapter provides practical illustrations as to how crucial information can be obtained with specific methods individualized according to the patients’ needs. A hyperlink is provided to a website that contains many of the instruments assessed in the volume. This book enables the reader to understand the value of patient reported outcomes in clinical practice. It is intended to expand and refine the skills of clinicians who work in general and specialized medicine and psychiatry, whether physicians, psychologists or other health professionals.
- Cover Page
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Front Material
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Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine
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Title Page
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Copyright Page
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Contents
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Preface
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Principles of Psychosomatic Assessment
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Abstract
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Assessment of Psychosocial Factors Affecting Individual Vulnerability
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Early Life Events
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Recent Life Events
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Chronic Stress and Allostatic Load
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Health Attitudes and Behavior
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Social Support
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Psychological Well-Being
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Personality Factors
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Psychiatric Disturbances
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Psychological Symptoms
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The Clinimetric Approach
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Pathophysiological Implications
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Clinical Implications
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Current Issues
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References
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The Psychosomatic Interview
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Abstract
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The Interview Process
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The Interview Itself
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Breaking Bad News
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Motivational Interviewing
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Putting It Together
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Conclusion
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References
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Evaluating Childhood Adversity
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Abstract
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Discussion of Adverse Childhood Events
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Adverse Childhood Events and Psychopathology
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Evaluation of Adverse Childhood Events
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Review of Instruments to Evaluate Childhood Adverse Experiences
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Literature Search Strategy
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Evaluation of Instruments
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Some Good Quality Instruments
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Self-Report Instruments
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Interviewer-Rated Instruments
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Evaluation of Good Quality Instruments
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Conclusions and Future Recommendations
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References
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Evaluating Life Events and Chronic Stressors in Relation to Health: Stressors and Health in Clinical Work
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Abstract
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Stressors
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Critical Life Events
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Standardized Methods for Recording Typical Critical Life Events That People May Experience
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Triggers and Habitual Levels of Critical Life Changes
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Positive and Negative Life Changes
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Detailed Interviews Regarding Critical Life Events - A Sociological Perspective
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Work and Unemployment as Stressors
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How to Measure the Psychosocial Work Environment?
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Unemployment
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Combinations of Social Background/Childhood Adversity and Adult Life Stressors
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Physiological Correlates
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Conclusion
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References
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Assessment of Lifestyle in Relation to Health
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Abstract
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Assessing Behaviors: Behavioral and Quantitative Approaches
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Habitual Diet Intake and Health
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Dietary and Nutritional Assessment
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Physical Activity and Health
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Assessment of Physical Activity
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Excessive Physical Activity
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Alcohol, Smoking and Drug Consumption: A General Overview
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Alcohol Consumption and Health
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Assessment of Alcohol Consumption
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Smoking and Health
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Assessment of Smoking Consumption and Nicotine Dependence
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Illicit Drug Consumption and Health
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Assessment of Illicit Drug Consumption
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Conclusion
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References
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Assessment of Sexual Function in the Medically III: Psychosomatic Approach to Sexual Functioning
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Abstract
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General Issues
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Psychosomatic Assessment of Sexual Functioning
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Comprehensive Clinical Interview of the Patient
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Physical Examination with a Special Focus on Sexual Function
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Laboratory Tests and Possibly Other Specialized Testing
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Psychometric Assessment
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Conclusion
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References
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Psychological Factors in Medical Disorders Assessed with the Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research
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Abstract
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The Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research-Structured Interview
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Abnormal Illness Behavior
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Somatization
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Irritability
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Demoralization
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Alexithymia
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Conclusion
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References
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Mood and Anxiety in the Medically III
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Abstract
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Reliability
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Rating Scales for Depression
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Observer Scales
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Self-Rating Scales
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Rating Scales for Anxiety
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Observer Scales
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Self-Rating Scales
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Negative versus Positive Phasing of Items in Anxiety Scales
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Discussion and Conclusion
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References
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Assessment of Personality in Psychosomatic Medicine: Current Concepts
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Abstract
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Alexithymia
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The Structured Interviews
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By Proxy Information
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Projective Tests
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Self-Report Instruments
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Type A Personality
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The Structured Interviews
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Self-Report Instruments
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Type D Personality
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Assessment of Type D Personality
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Temperament and Character
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Assessment of Temperament and Character
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The Five-Factor Model
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Assessment of the Five-Factor Model
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Conclusions
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References
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Illness Behavior
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Abstract
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Sick Role and Illness Behavior
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Abnormal Illness Behavior
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Assessment of Somatization
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Assessment of the Hypochondriacal Spectrum
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Disease Phobia (Nosophobia)
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Thanatophobia
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Health Anxiety
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Assessment of Illness Denial
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Denial of Physical Symptoms
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Denial of Psychological Symptoms
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Illness Perception
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Conclusions
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References
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Assessment of Psychological Well-Being in Psychosomatic Medicine
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Abstract
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Relationship between Well-Being and Symptomatology: Kellner's Symptom Questionnaire
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Use of the SQ in Psychosomatic Settings
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Clinical Suggestions
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Salutogenesis and Its Influence on Health: The Sense of Coherence Scale
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Use of the SOC Scale in Psychosomatics
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Clinical Suggestions
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Psychological Well-Being and Health
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Use of the PWB Scale in Psychosomatics
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Clinical Suggestions
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Conclusions
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References
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Family Assessment in the Medical Setting
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Abstract
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Family Assessment
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Individual Life Cycle Tasks
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Early Adulthood
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Mid-Adulthood
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Older Adulthood
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Family Life Cycle Tasks
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Courtship and Early Marriage
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Children
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Empty Nest
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Retirement
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Death and Grieving
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Including the Family in the Evaluation of a Patient
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Assessment of the Family
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Orientation
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Data Gathering
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Overall Family Functioning
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Additional Investigations
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Problem Description
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Problem Clarification
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Tools for Family Assessment
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Subjective Family Rating Scales
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Externally Rated Instruments of Family Functioning
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Global Assessment of Relational Functioning
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Beaver's Interactional Styles Scale
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Camberwell Family Interview
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McMaster Clinical Rating Scale
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General Assessment Issues
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Conclusion
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References
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Relational Ethics and Psychosomatic Assessment
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Abstract
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Ethical Foundations
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Relational Ethics
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Conditions of Authenticity
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Process of Cooperative Mutuality
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Opportunities for Growth and Development
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Process of Deliberation
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Major Ethical Problems in Psychosomatic Medicine
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Capacity
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Informed Consent
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Confidentiality
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Conclusions
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References
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- Author Index
- Subject Index
- 出版地 : 德國
- 語言 : 德文
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