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Ethical Evidence and Policymaking
EPDF and EPUB available Open Access under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. This important book offers practical advice for using evidence and research in policymaking. The book has two aims. First, it builds a case for ethics and global values in research and knowledge exchange, and second, it examines specific policy areas and how evidence can guide practice. The book covers important policy areas including the GM debate, the environment, Black Lives Matter and COVID-19. Each chapter assesses the ethical challenges, the status of evidence in explaining or describing the issue and possible solutions to the problem. The book will enable policymakers and their advisors to seek evidence for their decisions from research that has been conducted ethically and with integrity.
- Cover
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Table of Contents
- List of Figures, Tables and Boxes
- Notes on Contributors
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Introduction: Ethical evidence and policymaking
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Beyond academia: from RPOs to EGOs
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Ethics and method
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Caring for ‘subjects’
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Research motives
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Research ethics review
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Context
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The theme
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The target
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Notes
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References
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Part I Fundamentals of evidence and ethical dimensions in policymaking
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1 Ethical research in a global context: a dynamic tension between universal values, principles and contextual applications
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Introduction
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The search for universal values and principles in research ethics and research integrity
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What counts as ethical research?
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Disagreements on the conceptual level of ethics
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Pluralism in research ethics and research integrity
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How can the plurality of values be maintained at the level of norms?
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Conclusion
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Acknowledgements
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References
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2 One size fits all? The problems of offering ethical guidance to everyone
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Introduction
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Conventional ethical guidance, and where it has gone wrong
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Ethical research
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Rethinking ethical research
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References
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3 Trust in institutions or the scientist? : The drivers and mechanisms of trust in research and innovation as a means to improve related political outcomes
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Introduction
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Phase 1: The components of mistrust
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Phase 2: The mechanism of trust within the knowledge ecosystem and validation of the demands of the civil society
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Conclusion
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Note
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References
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4 Modes of influence: what can we learn from international codes of ethics for health-related research?
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Introduction
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The CIOMS guidelines on research ethics
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Theorising modes of influence
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Production, representativeness and legitimacy
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Discussion
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Conclusion
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Notes
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References
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5 Interdisciplinary perspectives on ethics and integrity in Europe: acknowledging differences to foster mutual understanding
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Introduction
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Institutional structures and constraints
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Existing ethics appraisal procedures and the ways RECs/IRBs work
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The collection, analysis and handling of data
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Informed consent and the protection of privacy
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Accountability and transparency
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Vulnerability regarding research areas and people involved
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Open access and open science
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Publishing procedures, review systems and dissemination practices
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The education of young researchers on RE & RI and the creation of a new research culture
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Types of incentivisation supporting this research culture
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Challenges of research in international contexts
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Challenges emerging with innovation and the latest technological developments
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Conclusion
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Notes
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References
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6 An ethical framework for think tanks: easier drafted than done?
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Introduction
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Why ethical conduct in think tanks matters
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Barriers arising from the nature of the market
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The additional challenge of COVID-19
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Implications of structural differences
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Cornerstones of an ethical framework for non-academic research organisations
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An ethical framework for academic and non-academic research
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A ‘European Alliance of Independent Think Tanks’
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Conclusion
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Acknowledgements
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Notes
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Reference
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Part II Ethical evidence in specific policy domains
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7 Ethical research in public policy
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Introduction
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Human subjects in policy research
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Ethical policy research
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Conclusion
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References
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8 Bitter harvests: ethical divides in the GM foods debate
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Introduction
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The embodiment of evil
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Back to the future
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Frankenfoods
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The ethics of insecurity
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The ownership of life
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The $640 war
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Conclusion
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References
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9 Ethics in smart information systems
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Introduction
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Privacy and data protection
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The right to explanation
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Towards ethics by design and Trustworthy AI
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Conclusion
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Acknowledgements
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Notes
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References
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10 The AI industry and regulation: : time for implementation?
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Introduction
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The case of the EU proposal: transparency, ethics and responsibility
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A closer analysis of the EC proposal
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The counterfactual argument
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Citizens and AI
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AI applies to regulated industries: do more rules mean more costs for the industry?
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The ethical perspective: the EU proposals as a beacon to set standards for other countries.
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Conclusion
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Notes
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References
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11 Cardiovascular disease prevention and health promotion in times of a pandemic: a global health case study
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Introduction
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Methodology
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Findings
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Discussion
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Conclusion
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Acknowledgement
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References
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12 Conducting ethical research in crisis situations: COVID-19:
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Introduction
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Choosing a methodology
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Randomised controlled trials and the pandemic
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Research rigour during pandemics
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Good research during the pandemic
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Conclusion
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References
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13 Ethics in research for resilience and societal collapse
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Introduction
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Future studies
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Societal collapse and apocalypse
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Limits to growth and research into possible collapse
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Existential risks
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Power and control
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The dilemmas of future studies
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Future generations
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The effect on the individual
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Research, knowledge and future studies
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Researcher as expert
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Research ethics
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Setting the research agenda
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Types of ethics
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Ethics in reporting on research
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Conclusion
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Notes
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References
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14 Research relationships and positionality: adult–child power relations
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Introduction
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The three adult–child power relations
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Conclusion
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Acknowledgements
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References
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Part III Case studies
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15 What is good evidence?
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Introduction
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What do we mean by ‘evidence’?
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What do we mean by ‘good’?
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So what is good evidence?
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What are the limitations of good evidence?
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How should good evidence be used?
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Conclusion
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References
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16 Black Lives Matter: reconsidering systemic racism
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Introduction
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Racism in schools, universities and government
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Black Lives Matter
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COVID-19
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At government level, the Windrush Scandal
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Where did we go wrong?
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White privilege
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What should be done about it?
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Conclusion
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Notes
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References
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17 The state of scientific policy advice: reflections on strategies and challenges of foreign policy think tanks in times of crisis
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Introduction
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An overview over the field of foreign policy think tanks
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Times of crisis: what are the challenges for the work of foreign policy think tanks?
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How to move forward: current discussions on strategies vary widely
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Conclusion
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Notes
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References
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18 Increasing the impact of research through policy: the role of academic publishers in bringing researchers and policymakers together
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Introduction
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Past efforts to reach policymakers
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Shaping content to the needs of policymakers
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Getting new content to policymakers
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Bridging the gap between research and policy
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Measuring success
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Conclusion
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Acknowledgements
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Notes
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References
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- Index
- 出版地 ： 英國
- 語言 ： 英文
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