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Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece
The oath was an institution of fundamental importance across a wide range of social interactions throughout the ancient Greek world, making a crucial contribution to social stability and harmony; yet there has been no comprehensive, dedicated scholarly study of the subject for over a century. This volume of a two-volume study explores the nature of oaths as Greeks perceived it, the ways in which they were used (and sometimes abused) in Greek life and literature, and their inherent binding power.
- Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece
- Beiträge zur Altertumskunde
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Preface
- Table of Contents
- Abbreviations
- 1 What is an oath?
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2 Oath and curse
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2.1 Horkos and Erinyes: oath as a curse
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2.2 Explicit self-curse and oath-taking
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2.3 The explicit self-curse in Greek drama
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2.3.1 The self-curse in elicited oaths in Greek tragedy
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2.3.2 Voluntary self-cursing in Greek drama
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2.4 The explicit self-curse in law-court speeches
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2.4.1 Dicasts’ explicit self-cursing
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2.4.2 Litigants’ explicit self-cursing
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2.4.3 Explicit self-cursing in oath-challenges and witnesses’ oaths
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2.4.4 Litigants’ spontaneous self-cursing inside the courtroom
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- 3 Oaths in traditional myth
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4 Friendship and enmity, trust and suspicion
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4.1 Oaths between warriors in epic and tragedy
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4.2 Oaths in business
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5 The language of oaths
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5.1 How oaths are expressed
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5.2 The “Sophoclean” oath
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5.3 “Of cabbages and kings”: the Eideshort phenomenon
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5.3.1 Recognizable gods, abstract concepts, and non-divine entities
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5.3.2 Alternative “gods”
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5.3.3 Kings, ancestors, and symbols of power or status
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5.3.4 Cabbages and other plants
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5.3.5 Conclusions
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6 Ways to give oaths extra sanctity
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6.1 Sanctifying witnesses and significant locations
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6.2 Oath-sacrifices
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6.3 Gestures, libations, and unusual sanctifying features
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6.4 Multiple sanctifying features
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7 Oaths, gender and status
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7.1 Women and oaths
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7.1.1 Oaths in a religious context
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7.1.2 Sacrifice and women’s oaths
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7.1.3 Representing women’s oaths: Lysistrata
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7.1.4 Civic or political oaths
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7.1.5 Oaths in a legal setting
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7.1.6 Mothers’ vengeance oaths
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7.1.7 Agency and abstinence
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7.1.8 Conclusions
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7.2 Servile swearing
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7.2.1 In what contexts did slaves swear oaths?
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7.2.2 In what contexts did slaves receive oaths?
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7.2.3 Were slaves normally considered unworthy of swearing and receiving oaths?
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7.2.4 Where might slaves have sworn oaths that do not appear in the record?
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7.3 The oaths of the gods
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7.3.1 The river Styx
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7.3.2 The head of Zeus
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7.3.3 Hermes and Hera
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7.3.4 Oaths sworn by gods to mortals
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7.3.5 Divine pacts in Aeschylus
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7.3.6 Gods swearing in comedy
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7.3.7 The case of Frogs
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7.3.8 Silenus and the satyrs
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8 Oaths and characterization: two Homeric case studies
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8.1 Achilles
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8.2 Odysseus
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- 9 Oratory and rhetoric
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10 “Artful dodging”, or the sidestepping of oaths
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10.1 The difficulty of proving an oath false: the case of Euripides’ Cyclops
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10.2 The concept of sidestepping
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10.3 “The art of Autolycus”: extremely careful wording to conceal the truth
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10.4 The “Thracian pretence”
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10.5 Capturing the commander
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10.6 Other careful or dubious interpretation of wording: agreementsthat end sieges
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10.7 Substitution
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10.8 False foundations
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10.9 Dodging the “blank-cheque” oath
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10.10 What does this evidence tell us about Greek attitudes to sidestepped oaths?
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10.11 Conclusions
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11 The binding power of oaths
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11.1 Were oaths always totally binding?
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11.2 The oaths of lovers
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11.3 The tongue and the mind: responses to Euripides,Hippolytus 612
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12 Responses to perjury
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12.1 Divine responses
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12.1.1 Divine action and intervention
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12.1.2 Violent deaths and escape from perjury
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12.2 Human responses
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12.2.1 Introduction
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12.2.2 From friendship to enmity, from trust to distrust
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12.2.3 Bringing perjury to the attention of others
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12.2.4 Bringing perjury to the attention of the gods
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13 The informal oath
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13.1 How informal oaths are used
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Appendix: swearing by Hera
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13.2 How binding were informal oaths? The case of Aristophanes’ Clouds
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13a Swearing oaths in the authorial person
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13a.1 The orators
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13a.2 Pindar and other poets
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13a.3 Xenophon
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13a.4 Three more authorial oaths in prose texts
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13a.5 Conclusions
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- 14 The Hippocratic Oath
- 15 The decline of the oath?
- Bibliography
- Index locorum
- Subject index
- 出版地 ： 德國
- 語言 ： 德文
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