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Commercial Transactions in the Virtual World：Issues and Opportunities

作者
：
Avnita LAKHANI (編)
出版社
：
City University of Hong Kong Press
出版日期
：
2014
閱讀格式
：
PDF
書籍分類
：
學術書 ; 商管‧財經 ; 電腦
學科分類
：
社會科學類
ISBN
：
9789629372293
Electronic commerce -- Law and legislation

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  • Foreword
  • Acknowledgments
  • About the author
  • Part I Introduction
    • 1. Commercial Transactions in the Virtual World:Introduction(Avnita LAKHANI)
      • 1. Background and Definitions
      • 2. Real World Implications to Commercial Transactions in the Virtual World
      • 3. The Contribution of this Book to Advancing the Field of Commercial Law
      • 4. Contents of This Book
      • 5. Conclusion
  • Part II Virtual Commercial Transactions—Industry Perspective and Issues
    • 2. The Nature of the Virtual Industry Today:Issues and Recommendations(Jonathan Ying Kit TONG)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. Virtual World Industry
      • 3. Issues in the Virtual World Industry
      • 4. Practice of Other Countries
      • 5. Suggestions
      • 6. Conclusion
    • 3. Virtual Commercial Transactions:A Multi-Jurisdiction Industry Perspective(Bobo Po Wan CHEUNG)
      • 1. Introduction to the Virtual World
      • 2. Virtual Commercial Transactions
      • 3. The Industry Perspective
      • 4. Multi-Jurisdiction Perspective
      • 5. Issues Arising out of Virtual Commercial Transactions
      • 6. Conclusion
  • Part III The Nature of “Goods” in the Virtual World
    • 4. The Nature of “Goods” and the Bundle of Property Rights in the Virtual World(Kwan Yee CHEUNG)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. The Concept of Virtual Property
      • 3. The Current Relationship between Virtual World Providers and Participants
      • 4. Analysis of the EULAs
      • 5. Conclusion
    • 5. Legal Protection for Virtual Property Rights:Rationale，Obstacles and Proposals(Lawrence Ka-yeung LAU)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. Nature of Virtual Goods
      • 3. Virtual Property Rights Defined
      • 4. Real World Economic Profits for Users
      • 5. Effect of End-User-License-Agreements on Virtual Property
      • 6. Theories Justifying Virtual Property Rights
      • 7. Potential Economic Losses to Users
      • 8. Existing Regulatory Models for Virtual Property Rights
      • 9. Alternative Proposal: Developer’s Recognition
      • 10. Conclusion
    • 6. The Nature of “Goods” in the Virtual World:Arguing for Recognition of Real Property Rightsin Virtual Goods(Elke Ngai Ki LAU)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. What is a “Virtual” World
      • 3. What Are “Goods” in the Virtual World
      • 4. Whether Virtual Goods Should Attain Real Property Rights as Real World Goods
      • 5. Conclusion
    • 7. Massively-Multiplayer Online Role Playing Games and Ownership of Virtual Property:A Multi-Jurisdiction Perspective(Matthew Sin Lun MOK)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. The Virtual World
      • 3. Why Do Participants Need Property Rights?
      • 4. Who Owns Virtual Property?
      • 5. What Is Virtual Property?
      • 6. Multi-Jurisdictional Perspectives on Virtual Property
      • 7. Conclusion
    • 8. Nature of Virtual Goods in a Virtual World:Ownership Possession or Nothing?(Michelle Wing Chi AU)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. Overview of Virtual Worlds
      • 3. Goods Found in the Virtual World
      • 4. Who Should Own Property Rights Attached to Virtual Property
      • 5. Why Virtual World Creators Should Retain the Property Rights
      • 6. Conclusion
  • Part IV Sale of Goods/Services Contract in the Virtual World
    • 9. Improbable Real Sale of Virtual Goods Felix Chin Kiu CHEUNG
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. Overview of the Two Virtual Worlds
      • 3. Nature of Virtual Items
      • 4. Nature of the Transactions
      • 5. Reversed Offer and Acceptance
      • 6. Users’ Tolerance of Breach and Denial of Liability
      • 7. Users’ Expectation of Remedies
      • 8. Supply of Service Contract
      • 9. Conclusion
    • 10. Application of Real World Laws to Virtual World Sale of Goods and Services Contracts(Ken Wai Kin TANG)
      • 1. Introduction to Virtual Commercial Worlds
      • 2. Definition of Virtual Commercial Worlds
      • 3. Operation of Virtual Commercial Worlds
      • 4. Relationship between Commercial Transactions in the Virtual World versus the Real World
      • 5. Forms of Virtual World Transactions
      • 6. Potential Problems Arising from Application of Real World Laws Rules and Regulations to Virtual World Commercial Transactions;and Possible Solutions
      • 7. Conclusion
    • 11. Redefining the “Sale of Goods Contract”in the Virtual World: A US Legal Perspective(Darren Tak Long PO)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. Property Rights in Virtual Worlds
      • 3. Transactions of Virtual Items are “Licenses，”Not Sales
      • 4. Enforceability of Contracts between Users
      • 5. Future of Virtual Goods Transactions
      • 6. Conclusion
  • Part V Transfer of Property and Risk in the Virtual World
    • 12. Transfer of Risk in Real World Commercial Transactions and Its Application to Virtual Transactions(Cybele Cin Cam LO)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. Transfer of Risk
      • 3. Virtual Property and Legal Property
      • 4. Applying Real World Rules to Virtual Worlds
      • 5. Beyond Contract Law
      • 6. Reducing Risk
      • 7. Conclusion
    • 13. Transfer of Property and Risk in the Virtual World:Challenges to the Current Legal Framework(Winnie Wing Yee CHUNG)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. Commercial Transactions in the Virtual World
      • 3. Transfer of Property
      • 4. Transfer of Risk
      • 5. Positions in the United Kingdom and the United States
      • 6. Possibility of the Formation of New Rules
      • 7. Conclusion
  • Part VI Payment Methods and Issues in Virtual World Transactions
    • 14. Payment Methods and Issues in Virtual World Commercial Transactions Sherwin Chiu Wing YAM
      • 1. Introduction: The Existence of Virtual World
      • 2. Second Life’s Economy in the Virtual World Setting
      • 3. Hidden Risks Related to Payments in Virtual World Commercial Transactions
      • 4. How Virtual World Transactions are Made via Various Payment Methods
      • 5. Payment Methods Used in E-Commerce Dominates Virtual World Transactions
      • 6. Differences and Similarities of Payment Methods between Real and Virtual World
      • 7. Possible Obstacles in Enforcing Payments in Virtual Transactions
      • 8. Conclusion
    • 15. Supervising Economic Transactions and Payments in the Virtual World: An Asia-Pacific Perspective(Raymond SIN)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. General Description of Virtual Worlds
      • 3. Payment Methods in Virtual World Transactions
      • 4. Comparative Analysis of Real World Regulation of Virtual World Economic Transactions
      • 5. Conclusion
  • Part VII Remedies for Buyer/Seller in the Virtual World
    • 16. Remedies Available for Buyers and Sellers in Virtual Commercial Transactions(Austin YIU)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. The Nature of Virtual Worlds and Goods
      • 3. Contractual Remedies
      • 4. Intangible Remedies
      • 5. Self-Help and Public Law
      • 6. Conclusion
    • 17. Second Life Second Remedies(Anita JAY)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. Absence of and Need for Regulation and Remedies
      • 3. Applicability and Practicality of Hong Kong Sale of Goods Ordinance
      • 4. Applicability of Seller’s Remedies under Hong Kong Sale of Goods Ordinance
      • 5. Applicability of Buyer’s Remedies under Hong Kong Sale of Goods Ordinance
      • 6. Additional Remedies for Consumers
      • 7. Conclusion: A Proposed Way Forward
  • Part VIII Use of Real and Quasi Securities in the Virtual World Transactions
    • 18. Real and Quasi Security in Virtual World Transactions:Charting New Reforms in Law for a New Reality(Brian Man Ho CHOK)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. Definitions and Types of Real Security
      • 3. Definitions and Types of Quasi-Security
      • 4. Virtual Worlds
      • 5. The Nature and Characteristics of Virtual Property and the Suitability of Real and Quasi Security
      • 6. Implications
      • 7. Conclusion
    • 19. Taking Security over Virtual Assets: Is It Really Practical?(Leo Lut Pong YAU)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. What is Security and Quasi-security?
      • 3. The Virtual World
      • 4. Whether the Concept of Security Is Applicable in the Virtual World
      • 5. Challenges of Applying the Law of Security to Virtual World Transactions
      • 6. Conclusion
    • 20. Securing Virtual World Debts via Real and Quasi Security:Challenges and Potential Solutions(Karolina LARSSON)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. Entering the Virtual World
      • 3. The Virtual Banking Crisis
      • 4. Security Interests
      • 5. Recognition of Virtual Property Rights
      • 6. A Uniform Law for Virtual Transactions
      • 7. Conclusion
  • Part IX Money Lending and Banking Virtual World
    • 21. The Regulation of Banks and Money Lending Activities in the Virtual World(Joyce Yuk Han LIANG)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. Licensing and Deposit Protection Scheme
      • 3. Requirement on the Financial Standing of a Bank
      • 4. Background of the Shareholders of the Bank
      • 5. Due Diligence Requirements on Customers to Prevent Money Laundering
      • 6. Restricted Use of the Name “Bank” and Excessive Interest Rates
      • 7. Legal Charge on Property for Bank Financing
      • 8. Conclusion
  • Part X Consumer Protection in Virtual World Transactions
    • 22. The Applicability of Real World Laws in Protecting Consumers of Virtual World Transactions:An Analysis of Hong Kong and the United States(Michael Ka Hei LAU)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. The Virtual Landscape and In-world Items
      • 3. In-world Consumer Protection
      • 4. Underlying Problem — Unconscionability
      • 5. Hong Kong Consumer Protection in Virtual World Transactions
      • 6. US Consumer Protection in Virtual World Transactions
      • 7. Other Possible Consumer Protections
      • 8. The Ultimate Goal
      • 9. Conclusion
    • 23. Consumer Protection in Virtual World Transactions:Are Players-Consumers Adequately Protected under the Current Regimes of Property Law and Contract Law?(Silvia Kin-man TANG)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. Virtual Worlds
      • 3. Relevance of Real World Laws to Virtual Commercial Transactions
      • 4. The Practical Way Out:Consumer Protection Law
      • 5. Conclusion
    • 24. Virtual World EULAs and Transactions:Consumer Friendly or Void of Consumer Protection?(Vimal Deepak SADHWANI)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. Consumer Protection or the Lack of It?
      • 3. Consumer Protection in the Real World:A Comparison of Jurisdictions
      • 4. Consumer Friendly Proposals for Virtual Worlds
      • 5. Conclusion
    • 25. EULAs vs. Consumer Rights and Protections in Virtual World Commercial Transactions:Finding a Healthy Balance(Mitchell Kwun Yin LI)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. Introduction of Virtual Worlds
      • 3. Consumer Rights under Standard Form Contracts
      • 4. Risks in Virtual World Commercial Transactions
      • 5. Legal Protection
      • 6. Recommendations
      • 7. Conclusion
  • Part XI Dispute Resolution/ADR in the Virtual World
    • 26. Operators vs. Users:A Comparative Analysis of the Use of ADR in Virtual World Disputes(Carol Yan Lin CHOW)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. Virtual Worlds and Their Commercial Significance
      • 3. Alternate Dispute Resolution Provisions in Virtual World EULAs
      • 4. Practical Examination of Virtual World Disputes in the Real World
      • 5. A Virtual World Dispute Resolution System
      • 6. Conclusion
    • 27. Resolving Disputes of the Virtual World:An Analysis of Jurisdiction and ADR(Timothy Lok Tim HO)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. Background and Definitions
      • 3. Application of Arbitration in the Virtual World
      • 4. Problems of ADR in the Virtual World
      • 5. Availability of ODR in the Virtual World
      • 6. Conclusion
    • 28. Avatar vs Avatar Disputes: The Future for Arbitration in the Virtual World(Elaine Yuet Ling YUEN)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. The Virtual Worlds
      • 3. Avatar–Avatar Disputes in the Virtual World
      • 4. The Development of Virtual Arbitration
      • 5. The Future of Arbitration in the Virtual World
      • 6. Conclusion
    • 29. Application of ADR and ODR to the Virtual World:The Quest for Best Practices and Solutions(Camilla VENANZI)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. Virtual Worlds and Definitions
      • 3. ADR and ODR
      • 4. Evaluation of ODR
      • 5. Other ODR mechanisms the Role of the Courts and Suggested Improvements to Current ODR Systems
    • 6. Conclusion
  • 出版地 ： 香港
  • 語言 ： 英文
Commercial Transactions in the Virtual World：Issues and Opportunities

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