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What Makes It Difficult to Write:Theory,Research,and Implications
- Acknowledgement
- Foreword
- Preface
- List of Tables
- List of Figures
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Chapter 1 What Makes It Difficult to Write-The Cognitive and Affective Dimensions
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Writing Apprehension (WA)
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Daly's Conceptual Framework of WA
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Dispositional Attitudes and Beliefs
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Situational Attitudes and Beliefs
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How Is Writing Apprehension Assessed?
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The Construct of the Writing Apprehension Scale (WAS)
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How Is Writing Apprehension Developed?
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Negative Past Experiences
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Teacher Expectations and Evaluations
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Lack of Writing Skills
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What Impact Does It Have?
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Composing Process
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Writing Performance
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Implications
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Writer's Block (WB)
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Previous Work on Writer's Block
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Rose's Rationale in Defining WB in the Cognitive Framework
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How Does Writing Apprehension Differ from Writer's Block?
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Rose's Definition of Writer's Block
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The Description and Analyses of the Writer's Block Questionnaire (WBQ)
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The Five Subscales
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Analyses of the Questionnaire
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Inquiries of the Present Monograph
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Chapter 2 WA on EFL Students' Revision Process and Topic Preference-An Application of WAS on a Small Sample
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Background and Hypotheses
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Method
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Subjects
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Instruments
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Procedure
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Results and Discussions
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The Quantitative Respect
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The Qualitative Respect
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Conclusion
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Limitations and Implications for the Following Study
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Chapter 3 Literacy Transfers,The Cognitive/Affective Factors As Well-A Cross-Language Investigation
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Background and the Rationale
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Writer's Block (WB)
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Writing Apprehension (WA)
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Method
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Subjects and Procedure
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Tests and Analyses of the Instruments Employed
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Resu1ts and Discussions
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Implications and Conclusion
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Chapter 4 A Multidimensional View on EFL Writing-A Structural Equation Modeling
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Rationale of the Study
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Rationale of the Hypotheses
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Purposes of Using Structural Equation Modeling
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The Study
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Subjects,Procedure,and Instruments
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Data Analyses
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Results
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The Self-Designed Questionnaire
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Writing Apprehension
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Writer's Block Questionnaire
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Test of the Measurement Model
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Test of the Full Structural Model
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Discussion
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Relationship among Writing Apprehension,Writer's Block,and Writing Performance
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Relationship among Free Reading,Writing Apprehension,Writer's Block,and Writing Perforrnance
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Free Writing
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Instruction
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Chapter 5 The Finale--Related Issues and Implications
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Summary of Results of the Three Studies
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Chapter 2:The Revision Process and Topic Preference among Students with Different Levels of Apprehension
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Chapter 3:If the Cognitive and Affective Factors Transfer?
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Chapter 4:How WB,WA,Instruction,Free Reading,and Free Writing Interrelated?
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Research Implications
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Some Extended Thoughts
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The Role of Error Correction and Grammar Instruction
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The Monitor Hypothesis,Writing Apprehension,and Writer's Block
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The Reading Hypothesis
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What Does Writing Help?
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Insights for Instruction
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Problem with Current Instruction
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The Awareness of the Composing Process
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Incubation
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The Actual Writing Process
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Concluding Remarks
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- References
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Appendixes
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A:The Writing Apprehension Scale
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B:The Writer's Block Questionnaire
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C:Reading and Writing Activities
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D:Your Writing Process
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E:The Writing Sample
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Indexes
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Name Index
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Subject Index
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- 出版地 : 臺灣
- 語言 : 繁體中文
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